There are two different methods of lightweight wooden construction: skeleton and panel construction, both of which fall under modular construction. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, and they differ only in the method of construction, but the final appearance is the same for both.
Panel Construction
In panel or modular construction, most of the work takes place in a production hall and not at the actual location. The characteristic feature is that the basic elements, such as ceilings, walls, and in some cases, roof elements, are pre-made in advance based on the architectural plan in the form of panels. The panels consist of several layers, depending on the manufacturer. For the outer layers, OSB boards are used—these are three-layered boards made from wood particles glued with adhesive and wax under high pressure.
The wood chips or particle boards in the outer layers are aligned parallel to the length and width of the panel, while the middle layer’s direction is either perpendicular or random. They are dimensionally stable, provide thermal insulation, are fire-resistant due to the closed surface on both sides, and are resistant to moisture. They are even used in environments with up to 85% humidity.
For the interior side of the panel, gypsum boards are typically used. The wall is constructed up to the stage where the interior wall is ready for plastering and painting, while the exterior has the first layer of facade plaster. Pre-cut openings for windows and blinds are included in the panels, and all necessary installations are prepared inside the walls. Ceiling elements are also pre-made according to structural calculations. Between the layers, there is sound insulation, OSB or formwork panels are placed on the upper side, and the lower side has a prepared structure for installing the final ceiling finishing. Panels with intermediate insulation that are pre-made are referred to as SIP (Structural Insulated Panels).
To have a roof over your house, the work on-site takes two to three days (with protection against weather conditions using secondary roofing), and the production of the panels themselves takes about three to five days. At the construction site, it’s necessary to seal all the joints between the elements and complete the facade finish. Typically, the roof elements are also made on-site. But what about skeleton construction? Find out in the next part.
